The Vet’s Guide to Exotic Shorthair Cats: Facts, Care, and Training Tips

Background

The Exotic Shorthair was developed in the 1950s and 1960s when American Shorthairs were bred with Persian cats to create a breed with Persian-like features but with a shorter, more manageable coat. Over time, selective breeding refined their appearance, giving them their distinct round face, large eyes, and plush fur. Today, Exotic Shorthairs are one of the most popular breeds in the world, beloved for their charming looks and affectionate personality.

Appearance

Exotic Shorthairs are medium to large-sized cats with a sturdy and muscular build. They have a broad chest, short yet strong legs, and a thick, plush tail. Their most recognisable feature is their large, round head with a short, flat nose—a trait inherited from their Persian ancestors.

Physical Characteristics

• Coat Type: Short, dense, and plush with a soft, velvety texture.
• Colours & Patterns: Available in a wide range of colours, including solid, tabby, bicolour, calico, and pointed variations.
• Eyes: Large, round, and expressive; colours range from gold, copper, and blue to green, depending on coat colour.
• Face Structure: Flat-faced (brachycephalic), which gives them a unique, adorable look but also contributes to certain health concerns.

Temperament

Exotic Shorthairs are affectionate, loyal, and calm. They form strong bonds with their owners and enjoy gentle playtime and cuddles. Unlike some highly independent cat breeds, they crave companionship and love being around their humans.

They are quiet and mild-mannered, often communicating through soft meows or expressive eyes rather than loud vocalisations. Their gentle and adaptable nature makes them a great choice for families with children or other pets.

Activity Level

While Exotic Shorthairs enjoy playtime, they are generally less active than other breeds. They prefer short bursts of play followed by long naps. They are not big climbers or jumpers but enjoy interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and chasing moving objects like feather wands or laser pointers.

Because they are prone to weight gain, it’s important to encourage regular exercise to keep them healthy and prevent obesity-related health issues.

Health Considerations

Exotic Shorthairs are prone to certain health conditions, mainly due to their flat-faced (brachycephalic) structure. Common health concerns include:

• Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome – Can lead to breathing difficulties and snoring.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) – A hereditary condition that can cause kidney failure.
• Dental Issues – Their short jaws can lead to misaligned teeth and gum disease.
• Eye Problems – Excessive tearing and tear staining due to their prominent eyes.

Regular vet check-ups and proper grooming care can help manage these health concerns and ensure a healthy, comfortable life for your Exotic Shorthair.

Lifespan

With good care and regular veterinary check-ups, Exotic Shorthairs typically live between 12 to 15 years. 

In the next section, we will explore how to properly groom an Exotic Shorthair, including tips on managing their unique coat, eye care, and dental hygiene.

Grooming Requirements

Exotic Shorthairs have a thick, plush double coat that sheds moderately throughout the year, with heavier shedding during seasonal changes. Brushing two to three times a week with a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt helps remove loose hair and prevent it from spreading around the home. A metal comb can be used to gently remove any minor tangles, particularly around the neck and under the legs. Regular brushing also helps distribute natural oils across the skin, keeping the coat shiny and healthy.

Bathing

Although Exotic Shorthairs are good self-groomers, occasional baths can help keep their fur clean and free from excess oil buildup. Bathing once every few months or as needed is sufficient. It is important to use a cat-specific shampoo that is gentle on their skin and to rinse thoroughly to avoid irritation. Since they have a dense coat, drying them completely with a towel or low-heat blow dryer is recommended to prevent dampness that can lead to skin issues.

Dental Care

Exotic Shorthairs have a compact jaw structure, which can lead to dental problems such as misaligned teeth, gum disease, and plaque buildup. Brushing their teeth at least once a week with cat-safe toothpaste helps prevent tartar and gingivitis. Cat dental treats, water additives, and chew toys designed for oral hygiene can also support their dental health between brushings.

Grooming is an important part of keeping an Exotic Shorthair healthy and comfortable. With regular coat care, facial cleaning, and routine maintenance of their nails, ears, and teeth, they will remain in excellent condition.

Exotic Shorthairs are prone to several health conditions, many of which are related to their flat-faced (brachycephalic) features. Understanding these common health concerns allows owners to recognise symptoms early and seek veterinary care when needed.

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

Due to their flat faces and narrow nasal passages, Exotic Shorthairs may struggle with breathing. Snoring, noisy breathing, and laboured breathing after activity are common signs. They can also overheat easily, so it’s best to avoid hot weather and heavy play. In some cases, surgery may be needed to improve airflow.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

This inherited condition causes cysts to develop in the kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. Signs to watch for include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and poor appetite. Routine check-ups and screening can help with early detection, and a kidney-friendly diet can support their health if diagnosed.

Dental Disease

Their short jaws can lead to crowded teeth and more frequent dental issues, such as tartar build-up and gum disease. Brushing your cat’s teeth regularly, offering dental treats, and scheduling professional cleanings can go a long way in preventing oral health problems.

Eye Problems

With their prominent eyes and short muzzles, Exotic Shorthairs are prone to tear staining and eye infections. Wiping their eyes daily can help prevent irritation, and any signs of swelling or excessive tearing should be checked by a vet.

Obesity

These cats love their food and a comfy nap, making them prone to weight gain. Obesity can lead to further health issues, so it's important to monitor portion sizes and keep them active with daily play. Slow-feeder bowls and puzzle toys can help manage their intake.

Heat Sensitivity

Their facial structure also makes it difficult for them to regulate heat. During warmer months, make sure they have access to shade, fresh water, and a cool resting spot. Signs of overheating like panting or lethargy need quick attention.

With a little care and attention, many of these conditions can be managed or avoided altogether. Regular vet visits, good nutrition, and a consistent care routine will help your Exotic Shorthair live a long and happy life.

Training an Exotic Shorthair can be a fun and rewarding experience, as these cats are intelligent, affectionate, and responsive to positive reinforcement. While they may not have the same level of trainability as highly active breeds like the Bengal or Siamese, they are still capable of learning basic commands, routines, and even fun tricks with patience and consistency.

Using Positive Reinforcement

One of the most important aspects of training an Exotic Shorthair is using positive reinforcement. This means rewarding good behaviour with cat treats, affection, or playtime rather than using punishment for unwanted behaviour. Exotic Shorthairs are particularly food-motivated, making treats an excellent incentive for learning new skills. Clicker training, which pairs a sound with a reward, can also be effective in teaching them to follow commands such as “sit,” “come,” or even “high-five.”

Litter Training

Litter training is usually straightforward with Exotic Shorthairs, as they are naturally clean animals. However, providing them with a quiet, accessible, and regularly cleaned litter box will help ensure they use it consistently. If accidents occur, it’s important to remain patient and not punish them, as this can cause stress and confusion. Instead, rewarding them for using the litter box correctly will reinforce positive behaviour.

Preventing Unwanted Behaviours

Exotic Shorthairs can also be trained to avoid unwanted behaviours, such as scratching furniture or jumping on counters. Redirection is key—providing an alternative like a scratching post or cat tree and rewarding them when they use it will encourage the desired behaviour. If they scratch furniture, gently guiding them to a scratching post and offering a treat when they use it can help reinforce the habit.

Teaching Commands and Leash Training

Since Exotic Shorthairs enjoy human interaction, they can also be trained to respond to their names, follow simple commands, or even walk on a leash. Short, fun training sessions with plenty of rewards will help keep them engaged and willing to learn. Keeping training consistent, positive, and reward-based will ensure your Exotic Shorthair picks up good habits while maintaining their affectionate and easygoing nature.

Keeping your Exotic Shorthair active is important for their physical health and mental stimulation. While they are a more relaxed breed, they still need regular playtime and interactive activities to prevent boredom and maintain a healthy weight. Providing a variety of engaging activities will help keep them entertained and encourage exercise.

Playing Fetch

Some Exotic Shorthairs enjoy playing fetch, especially with small, lightweight toys. Tossing a soft toy or ball for them to chase and return can help stimulate their natural hunting instincts while giving them some exercise.

Interactive Toys

Cat puzzle feeders and treat-dispensing toys are great for mental stimulation. These toys require them to work for their food, keeping them engaged and preventing boredom.

Scratching Posts and Cat Trees

Scratching is a natural instinct for cats, so providing a scratching post or pad will help keep their claws healthy while protecting furniture. Since Exotic Shorthairs are not big climbers, a low to mid-height cat tree with cozy perches can provide them with a comfortable space to lounge and play. 

Hide and Seek

Hiding treats or toys around the house can encourage an Exotic Shorthair to explore and stay active. Creating small hiding spots using cardboard boxes or fabric tunnels can add excitement to their daily routine.

Chase and Pounce Games

Using feather wands, toy mice, or crinkly balls can engage an Exotic Shorthair’s natural hunting instincts. Short bursts of activity, like chasing a toy or pouncing on moving objects, can provide effective exercise without overwhelming them.

While Exotic Shorthairs may not be the most energetic breed, daily play and interactive activities will help keep them fit, mentally sharp, and happy. Offering a mix of toys, scratching surfaces, and bonding activities will ensure they remain engaged and enjoy an active lifestyle.

In the next section, we will discuss nutritional guidance for Exotic Shorthairs, including portion control, essential nutrients, and the benefits of wet and dry food.

Exotic Shorthairs are known for their affectionate and easygoing nature, but like all cats, they can develop certain behavioural issues. These behaviours are often linked to their environment, health, or socialisation. Understanding the causes and using positive reinforcement can help manage and correct any unwanted habits.

Separation Anxiety

Exotic Shorthairs form strong bonds with their owners and may experience anxiety when left alone for long periods. Signs of separation anxiety include excessive meowing, inappropriate urination, destructive behaviour, or changes in eating habits. Providing cat interactive toys, puzzle feeders, or even a feline companion can help reduce stress. Using a pheromone diffuser like Feliway can also create a calming environment.

Scratching Furniture

Scratching is a natural feline behaviour, but if an Exotic Shorthair targets furniture or carpets, they may need a proper scratching outlet. Providing multiple scratching posts, preferably made of sisal or cardboard, can help redirect this behaviour. If they continue scratching in unwanted places, using double-sided tape or a cat deterrent spray on furniture can discourage them while reinforcing the use of scratching posts with treats and praise.

Overeating and Food Begging

Exotic Shorthairs love food and can develop a habit of overeating or begging for treats. If left unchecked, this can lead to obesity and related health issues. Feeding them at scheduled times with properly portioned meals helps maintain a healthy weight. Puzzle feeders or slow-feeding bowls can also make mealtime more engaging and prevent them from eating too quickly.

Excessive Meowing

While Exotic Shorthairs are not known to be particularly vocal, some may meow excessively to seek attention, express hunger, or signal discomfort. If the vocalisation becomes excessive, it is important to first rule out any medical issues with a veterinarian. If the behaviour is attention-seeking, responding only when they are quiet and reinforcing calm behaviour with affection or treats can help discourage constant meowing.

Litter Box Avoidance

If an Exotic Shorthair suddenly stops using the litter box, it may indicate a medical issue such as a urinary tract infection or stress-related problem. Ensuring the litter box is clean, placed in a quiet location, and easily accessible can help prevent avoidance. If the issue persists, consulting a veterinarian is recommended to rule out any underlying health concerns.

Addressing behavioural issues early with patience and consistency helps Exotic Shorthairs develop good habits while maintaining their affectionate and well-mannered personality.

Proper nutrition is essential for keeping an Exotic Shorthair healthy and maintaining their ideal weight. Their diet should be balanced with high-quality protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins to support their unique build and potential health concerns. Because they are prone to weight gain, portion control and feeding schedules play a crucial role in their overall well-being.

Kitten Nutrition Needs

Exotic Shorthair kittens have different dietary requirements than adults, as they need extra calories and nutrients to support their rapid growth. Feeding them a high-protein, high-fat diet with essential amino acids like taurine helps in proper muscle and bone development. Kitten food should be rich in omega fatty acids for brain and vision health. Kittens should be fed three to four small meals a day until they reach nine to twelve months of age, at which point they can transition to adult cat food.

Adult Exotic Shorthair Diet

Once they reach adulthood, Exotic Shorthairs require a well-balanced diet that includes lean protein sources like chicken, turkey, or fish. Since they are prone to obesity, portion control is important, and meals should be measured rather than free-fed. A combination of wet and dry food is ideal—wet cat food provides hydration, while dry cat kibble helps with dental health. Feeding two to three meals per day in controlled portions can help maintain a healthy weight.

Nutritional Considerations for Exotic Shorthairs

Exotic Shorthairs benefit from specific nutrients that support their unique physiology and common health concerns.

• High-quality animal protein to maintain muscle mass and support energy levels.
• Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids for a healthy coat and skin.
• Taurine to support heart and eye health.
• Low-carb formulas to prevent unnecessary weight gain.
• Hydration is key, so adding moisture-rich foods or water fountains encourages proper hydration.

Senior Exotic Shorthair Nutrition

As Exotic Shorthairs age, their metabolism slows, and their dietary needs change. Senior cats may require food with joint-supporting nutrients like glucosamine and chondroitin, as well as lower-calorie formulas to prevent weight gain. Ensuring they receive easily digestible proteins and proper hydration helps maintain their overall health as they age.

Providing a balanced, portion-controlled diet suited to their age and activity level helps keep an Exotic Shorthair in optimal health. With the right food and regular vet check-ups, they can maintain a healthy weight and live a long, comfortable life.

In the next section, we will conclude with final thoughts on caring for an Exotic Shorthair and tips for providing the best home environment for this affectionate breed.

Whether you're a proud Exotic Shorthair owner or thinking of adopting one, this guide offers a solid foundation for their care. These affectionate cats thrive with proper nutrition, grooming, and attention. Connecting with other owners and staying informed will help ensure your Exotic Shorthair enjoys a long, happy life as your loving companion.

This article was written by Dr Jane Miller