The Vet’s Guide to Burmese Cats: Facts, Care, and Training Tips

Burmese cats are beloved for their affectionate personalities, striking looks, and close bond with their human companions. These lively, intelligent cats make excellent pets for those seeking a playful, loving companion with a touch of elegance.

Background: The Burmese breed traces its roots to Southeast Asia, specifically Burma (now Myanmar). In the 1930s, Dr. Joseph Thompson brought a small brown cat named Wong Mau to the United States. After being bred with a Siamese, this produced the Burmese we know today—a robust, solid-coloured cat with a distinctive personality. The breed quickly gained popularity for its unique blend of Siamese elegance and a more muscular, solid frame, making Burmese cats adored companions worldwide.

Appearance: Burmese cats are medium-sized with a muscular, compact build. Their bodies are solid and heavy for their size, often described as feeling like "bricks wrapped in silk." Their short, fine coat is glossy and comes in rich, solid colours, including sable (a deep brown), champagne, blue, and platinum. Burmese cats have rounded heads, large golden or amber eyes, and ears set wide apart, giving them a sweet, expressive look.

Physical Characteristics: Burmese cats stand out with their solid and muscular bodies, which are deceptively heavy for their size. They have a rounded profile, with a short nose, broad chest, and muscular legs that are slightly shorter in length. Their eyes are large and striking, often golden or amber, giving them distinctive and endearing expressions. The breed's coat is short and velvety, lying close to the skin and requiring minimal grooming.

Temperament: Known for their affectionate and people-oriented nature, Burmese cats thrive on human interaction. They are playful and intelligent, often forming deep bonds with their owners, following them from room to room. Burmese cats are known for their "dog-like" behaviour, usually greeting visitors at the door and seeking constant companionship. They are also great with children and other pets, making them excellent family cats.

Activity Level: Burmese cats are highly active and playful. They love interactive toys, games, and puzzles that challenge their intelligence. Despite their energetic nature, they are equally fond of snuggling on their owner’s lap when playtime is over. Burmese cats maintain their kitten-like energy well into adulthood and thrive in environments where they can climb, jump, and explore.

Health: Though generally healthy, Burmese cats can be prone to certain genetic conditions, including hypokalemia (a muscle weakness condition due to low potassium levels) and diabetes. Responsible breeding can help minimise the risk of cranial deformities, sometimes known as "Burmese head defect." Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight are key to ensuring your Burmese cat remains in good health.

Lifespan: With proper care and attention, Burmese cats typically live between 12 and 16 years, though some may live well into their late teens. Their longevity makes them a long-term companion, bringing years of love, affection, and playful energy to any household.

Burmese cats are relatively low-maintenance when it comes to grooming, thanks to their short, sleek coats. However, regular grooming is essential to keep them healthy and looking their best. Skincare for Burmese cats focuses on maintaining their soft, shiny coats and ensuring their skin is free from irritation or infections. Proper grooming also helps monitor their overall health, ensuring that potential issues like dental problems or ear infections are addressed early.

Grooming Requirements: Burmese cats have short, fine coats that don’t tangle or mat easily, making them easy to groom. Weekly brushing with a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt will suffice to remove loose hairs and distribute natural oils, which helps maintain their coat’s sheen. Brushing also minimises shedding and keeps your home free from excess cat hair. Grooming sessions are an excellent opportunity to bond with your Burmese and check for skin issues or abnormalities.

Bathing: Burmese cats generally don’t require frequent baths due to their self-cleaning nature. However, an occasional bath can help keep their coat fresh, especially if they get dirty or have an oily buildup. Use a gentle, cat-specific shampoo, and ensure the bathwater is lukewarm. After bathing, ensure your cat is completely dry to prevent skin irritation. A bath every few months or when necessary is typically sufficient for Burmese cats.

Skin Requirements: Due to their short coats, Burmese cats’ skin is exposed more than that of long-haired breeds, making it important to monitor for dryness, irritation, or signs of allergic reactions. Healthy skin should feel smooth, without flakes or redness. To maintain optimal skin health, ensure your Burmese is fed a balanced diet rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which promote healthy skin and a shiny coat. Regular grooming helps keep their skin clean and free from irritants.

Dental Care: Dental hygiene is critical for Burmese cats, as they can be prone to gum disease if their teeth are not regularly cleaned. To prevent tartar buildup and gingivitis, brush your cat’s teeth at least twice a week using a vet-recommended toothpaste and toothbrush designed for cats. Regular dental check-ups at the vet are also important to catch any developing issues early, ensuring your Burmese maintains good oral health throughout their life.

Clean Ears: Burmese cats are somewhat prone to wax buildup in their ears, so it’s important to regularly check and clean them to prevent infections. Use a vet-approved ear-cleaning solution and a soft cotton ball or cloth to gently wipe the outer ear. Avoid inserting anything into the ear canal, as this could cause damage. Clean your Burmese’s ears every two to three weeks or as needed to keep them healthy and free from debris.

Nail Trimming: Like all cats, Burmese need regular nail trimming to prevent overgrowth and discomfort. Check your cat’s nails every two weeks and trim them when you hear them clicking on hard surfaces. Use cat-specific nail clippers, and be cautious not to cut too close to the quick, which can cause pain and bleeding. Keeping their nails short also helps prevent accidental scratching and protects your furniture from damage.

While Burmese cats are generally healthy, they can be prone to certain breed-specific health problems. Understanding these potential issues can help you take proactive steps to ensure your cat remains healthy and happy.

Hypokalemia: Hypokalemia is a condition where Burmese cats experience low potassium levels in their blood, which can lead to muscle weakness. Cats suffering from hypokalemia may have difficulty holding their heads up or walking correctly, particularly in their hind legs. This condition can be managed with veterinary care and potassium supplements, and early detection is key to preventing long-term muscle damage.

Diabetes: Burmese cats have a slightly higher risk of developing diabetes than other breeds. This condition is often linked to obesity, so keeping your cat at a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise is crucial. Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss despite a good appetite. If diagnosed early, diabetes can often be managed with a combination of insulin therapy, dietary changes, and regular monitoring.

Craniofacial Defects: Some Burmese cats may be born with congenital craniofacial deformities, commonly referred to as "Burmese head defect." These deformities affect the structure of the skull and can cause breathing difficulties or other complications. Responsible breeders carefully select breeding pairs to reduce the risk of passing on this condition. If you're considering adopting a Burmese kitten, choosing a breeder who screens for this defect is important.

Dental Disease: Burmese cats are prone to dental issues such as gingivitis and periodontal disease, which can lead to tooth loss and other health complications if left untreated. Regular brushing and dental check-ups are essential for preventing these issues. In addition to at-home care, professional cleanings at the vet can help maintain your cat’s oral health and prevent the buildup of tartar and plaque.

Obesity: Burmese cats are often food-motivated, and if not closely monitored, they can become overweight or obese. Obesity increases the risk of other health problems, such as diabetes and joint issues. Providing a balanced diet with controlled portions and engaging your cat in regular physical activity are key to preventing weight gain. Use puzzle feeders or interactive toys to encourage exercise and mental stimulation.

Understanding these common health issues and taking proactive steps, such as regular vet visits and proper care, can help ensure that your Burmese cat lives a long, healthy life.

Burmese cats are highly intelligent and curious, making them one of the more trainable cat breeds. While cats are typically more independent than dogs, Burmese cats respond well to training, especially when paired with positive reinforcement. Their affectionate and people-oriented nature means they’re eager to engage with their owners, making training sessions an excellent way to bond.

Positive Reinforcement: The key to training a Burmese cat is using positive reinforcement techniques, which involve rewarding your cat with treats, praise, or affection whenever they perform the desired behaviour. Treats are especially effective for Burmese cats, as they are often food-motivated. Start with small, healthy treats that can be given immediately after your cat follows a command. For example, teaching simple commands like "sit" or "come" can be achieved by luring your cat with a treat and rewarding them as soon as they perform the action.

Clicker Training: Clicker training is another effective method for Burmese cats. This technique uses a small clicking device to mark a desired behaviour, followed by a treat or reward. The clicker signals that your cat has done something right, and over time, your Burmese will associate the sound with a positive outcome. Clicker training can teach basic commands, tricks, or behaviours like using a scratching post instead of furniture.

Consistency and Patience: Consistency is crucial when training a Burmese cat. Use the same commands and rewards consistently to avoid confusion. Additionally, keep training sessions short—around 5 to 10 minutes at a time—so your cat doesn’t lose interest. Burmese cats are quick learners but can also be independent, so patience is key. With time, positive reinforcement, and plenty of encouragement, your Burmese will likely enjoy the training process and show off their new skills.

Burmese cats are naturally energetic and playful, so keeping them physically and mentally stimulated is essential for their health and happiness. Regular activities help prevent boredom and strengthen the bond between you and your cat. These active felines enjoy a variety of games and challenges, making it important to provide plenty of opportunities for play and exploration.

Playing Fetch: Believe it or not, many Burmese cats enjoy playing fetch, a game more commonly associated with dogs. Use small, lightweight toys like crinkle balls or plush mice that your cat can easily carry. Throw the toy across the room, and your Burmese may surprise you by retrieving it and bringing it back. This game satisfies their hunting instincts and provides both physical and mental stimulation.

Interactive Toys: Toys that encourage your cat to chase, pounce, and explore are ideal for keeping your Burmese engaged. Feather wands, laser pointers, and battery-operated toys that mimic the movement of small prey are great for encouraging active play. Puzzle feeders are also excellent for mental stimulation, as they challenge your cat to solve a puzzle to access treats or food, keeping their minds sharp.

Scratching Posts and Climbing Trees: Burmese cats love to climb and explore vertical spaces, so providing them with cat trees or climbing shelves is essential. Multi-level cat trees offer climbing, scratching, and napping opportunities in one structure. Scratching posts are also important, as they allow your cat to scratch and stretch, keeping their claws healthy and satisfying their instinct to scratch.

Scent Games: Scent games are a fun way to engage your Burmese cat’s curiosity. Hide treats around the house or in small boxes, and encourage your cat to find them using their sense of smell. This type of activity stimulates their hunting instincts and provides both physical exercise and mental stimulation.

Keeping your Burmese cat active with various engaging activities helps maintain their physical health and prevents boredom, ensuring a happy and well-rounded pet.

Burmese cats are generally affectionate, playful, and social, making them excellent companions. However, like any breed, they can exhibit certain behavioural issues if their emotional and physical needs aren’t met. Awareness of these potential problems and addressing them early can ensure that your Burmese remains a well-adjusted and happy cat.

Separation Anxiety: Burmese cats are highly social and tend to form deep bonds with their owners. As a result, they can develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. Signs of separation anxiety include excessive meowing, destructive behaviour, and over-grooming. To prevent this, it’s essential to provide plenty of mental stimulation and companionship. Consider adopting another cat for company or using interactive toys to keep them entertained when you’re away.

Boredom and Destructive Behavior: Because Burmese cats are so active and intelligent, they can become easily bored if they don’t get enough stimulation. When bored, they may resort to destructive behaviours such as scratching furniture, knocking over objects, or excessive vocalising. Providing plenty of toys, playtime, and opportunities for climbing and exploring can help prevent these behaviours. Rotating their toys and introducing new activities will keep them engaged and reduce the chances of boredom.

Attention-Seeking: Burmese cats thrive on attention and may become demanding if they feel neglected. They may follow their owners around the house, vocalising for attention or nudging for petting. While their affectionate nature is part of their charm, it’s important to balance this by setting boundaries and not reinforcing overly demanding behaviour. Providing scheduled playtimes and regular interaction will help meet their social needs without encouraging excessive attention-seeking.

A balanced and nutrient-rich diet is essential for maintaining the health and vitality of Burmese cats. Their nutritional needs vary depending on age, activity level, and overall health. Ensuring your Burmese gets the right balance of protein, fats, and essential nutrients will help them thrive.

General Nutrition Needs: Burmese cats are obligate carnivores, meaning their diet should be primarily composed of high-quality animal proteins. Look for cat food where meat or fish is the first ingredient, and avoid those with excessive fillers like corn or soy. A diet rich in animal protein supports their muscular build and helps maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, incorporating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids into their diet promotes healthy skin and a shiny coat. Ensure their food includes taurine, an essential amino acid for heart and eye health, which all cats require.

Kitten Nutrition: Burmese kittens have specific nutritional needs to support their rapid growth and high energy levels. They require a diet rich in protein, fat, and essential nutrients. Kittens should be fed a high-quality kitten formula until they reach about 12 months of age. Meals should be given more frequently than adult cats—about 3-4 times a day, ensuring they receive the right amount of nutrients to develop strong muscles, bones, and a healthy immune system. Wet food can be introduced along with dry kibble to help with hydration and variety.

Adult Burmese Nutrition: Once your Burmese reaches adulthood, their diet should shift to high-quality adult cat food formulated for maintaining a healthy weight. Since Burmese cats are prone to obesity, portion control is key to preventing overeating. Generally, Burmese cats should be fed two balanced meals daily, and their total daily intake should be adjusted based on their activity level. Including a mix of wet and dry food helps with hydration and supports dental health. Monitor their weight and consult your veterinarian for personalised dietary advice.

Specific Nutritional Needs: Burmese cats can be prone to certain health issues, such as obesity and diabetes. To help prevent these conditions, choosing cat food that supports a healthy weight and has lower fat content if your cat is less active is essential. Including omega-3 fatty acids can help with joint health, while fibre can support digestive health. If your Burmese has specific health concerns, your vet may recommend a specialised diet, such as one formulated for weight management or urinary tract health.

Proper nutrition is vital to keeping your Burmese healthy and energetic throughout their life. A balanced diet suited to their needs will ensure they enjoy a long, active, and happy life.

Whether you already have a Burmese cat or are considering bringing one into your home, we hope this guide has given you helpful insights into their care and personality. Burmese cats are affectionate, intelligent, and social, thriving with proper attention and understanding. As you continue your journey with your Burmese, explore reliable resources, talk to fellow cat owners, and consult your vet to ensure you’re providing the best care possible. With the right approach, you’ll enjoy a deep, lasting bond with your Burmese cat for years to come.

This article was written by Dr. Jack Ayerbe