The Vet’s Guide to Boston Terriers: Facts, Care, and Training Tips

Background & Breed History

The Boston Terrier is a true American breed, developed in the late 1800s in Boston, Massachusetts. Originally bred by crossing English Bulldogs with the now-extinct white English Terrier, the goal was to create a compact yet sturdy dog with a friendly disposition and a touch of spunk. Over time, selective breeding refined the Boston Terrier into the smaller, more sociable dog we know today. It was one of the first non-sporting breeds developed in the United States and became recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1893.

Temperament

Boston Terriers are friendly, affectionate, and known for their cheerful disposition. They are people-oriented dogs who thrive on companionship and are typically very good with children, other dogs, and even cats if socialised early. Their temperament combines liveliness with a gentle nature, making them adaptable to both active and more laid-back households.

They are also known for their sense of humour—many Boston owners can attest to their dog's clownish antics and expressive facial reactions. While they can be a little stubborn at times, their eagerness to please usually makes them easy to train with positive reinforcement.

Activity Level

While Boston Terriers are not as high-energy as some breeds, they are playful and do enjoy regular activity. Daily walks, interactive play, and mental stimulation help keep them happy and prevent boredom-related behaviours. Their compact size and moderate exercise needs make them well-suited to apartment living, as long as they get enough attention and physical activity.

Health and Lifespan

Boston Terriers are generally healthy dogs but, like all breeds, they are prone to certain health issues. Due to their brachycephalic (short-nosed) facial structure, they may experience breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid weather, and should be monitored closely during exercise. Other common health concerns include eye conditions such as cataracts and corneal ulcers, as well as patellar luxation and deafness.

With proper veterinary care, a balanced diet, and a loving home, Boston Terriers typically live between 11 to 15 years. Regular check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and early detection of health issues are key to ensuring a long and happy life.

Physical Characteristics

Boston Terriers are small but muscular dogs, typically weighing between 5 to 11 kilograms and standing about 38 to 43 cm tall at the shoulder. Their most distinguishing feature is their smooth, tuxedo-like coat, which comes in black and white, brindle and white, or seal and white combinations. They have a short, square muzzle, large round eyes, and upright ears that give them an alert and expressive face.

Despite their compact size, Boston Terriers are well-proportioned and balanced in build. Their short tail—naturally straight or screw-shaped—is another characteristic trait. Their sleek coat requires minimal grooming, adding to their appeal as a low-maintenance companion.

Grooming is not only about keeping your Boston Terrier looking tidy—it plays a crucial role in maintaining their overall health and well-being. While Boston Terriers are relatively low-maintenance compared to longer-haired breeds, regular grooming helps manage shedding, prevent infections, and allows you to monitor your dog for any early signs of health concerns.

Grooming Requirements

Boston Terriers have a short, sleek coat that sheds minimally and requires only light maintenance. A weekly brushing with a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt will help remove loose hair, distribute natural oils, and keep their coat shiny. Regular grooming also offers an opportunity to check for skin abnormalities such as rashes, lumps, or signs of fleas.

Bathing

Thanks to their naturally clean coat, Boston Terriers typically only need a bath every 4 to 6 weeks, or when they get particularly dirty. Use a gentle, pH-balanced dog shampoo to avoid stripping their skin of natural oils. Be sure to rinse thoroughly, especially in skin folds, to prevent residue buildup that can lead to irritation or infection.

Skin Requirements

Boston Terriers can be prone to sensitive skin and are susceptible to allergies, both environmental and food-related. Their short coat and exposed skin mean any irritation or dryness is more easily noticed. Owners should monitor for redness, flaking, or itching and consult a vet if symptoms persist. Using hypoallergenic grooming products and ensuring your dog is on a well-balanced diet can support skin health.

Dental Care

Dental hygiene is essential for Boston Terriers, as they can be prone to tartar buildup and periodontal disease. Brushing your dog’s teeth several times a week with canine toothpaste can help prevent bad breath, gum disease, and tooth loss. Dental chews and routine veterinary dental checks should be part of their ongoing oral care routine.

Clean Ears

Their upright ears, while less prone to infections than floppy ears, still require regular cleaning. Check weekly for signs of wax buildup, redness, or odour—indicators of potential infection. Clean their ears gently using a vet-approved ear cleaner and cotton balls. Avoid using cotton swabs, which can push debris further into the ear canal.

Nail Trimming

Nail trimming is a key part of grooming that’s often overlooked. Overgrown nails can cause discomfort, affect gait, and even lead to injury. Trim your Boston Terrier’s nails every 3 to 4 weeks, or as needed, being cautious not to cut into the quick. If you're unsure or your dog is resistant, a groomer or vet nurse can assist with regular trims.

Training a Boston Terrier can be a rewarding experience, thanks to their intelligence, affectionate nature, and eagerness to please. These dogs are known for their quick learning ability, making them responsive to training when approached with patience and consistency. However, their occasional stubborn streak means training should be engaging and reward-based to maintain their interest and enthusiasm.

Positive Reinforcement 

Boston Terriers respond exceptionally well to positive reinforcement training methods. Rewarding good behaviour with treats, praise, or playtime helps reinforce desired actions and builds trust between you and your dog. Harsh corrections or punishment-based techniques can damage their confidence and make training more difficult, so it’s important to use encouragement and patience.

Use Treats and Incentives

High-value treats can be a powerful motivator for Boston Terriers, especially during the early stages of training or when teaching new commands. Choose healthy, bite-sized rewards that your dog finds particularly appealing. In addition to food incentives, verbal praise and toys can also be effective, especially if your Boston is play-driven.

Short, focused training sessions are ideal, typically no longer than 10 to 15 minutes. Frequent repetition and consistency in commands are key. Starting with basic commands such as “sit,” “stay,” “come,” and “leave it” lays the groundwork for good manners and more advanced skills.

Socialisation and House Training

Early socialisation is important for Boston Terriers to help them grow into well-mannered adults. Exposing them to a variety of people, animals, and environments during puppyhood builds confidence and reduces the risk of fear-based behaviours later on.

House training usually comes fairly easily to Boston Terriers, especially when crate training is used appropriately. Establishing a consistent routine and offering plenty of positive reinforcement when they eliminate in the right place will speed up the process.

While Boston Terriers are generally healthy and robust little dogs, like all breeds, they are predisposed to certain health conditions. Being aware of these common issues can help you catch symptoms early and work with your veterinarian to keep your Boston feeling their best.

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

Due to their short, flat faces, Boston Terriers are classified as brachycephalic dogs. This unique facial structure can contribute to breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid weather or during vigorous exercise. 

Symptoms may include:

• noisy breathing
• snoring
• laboured panting.

It’s important to avoid overheating and to limit intense activity in warmer climates. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to improve airflow.

Eye Conditions

Boston Terriers have large, prominent eyes, which unfortunately makes them more susceptible to a range of ocular issues. These can include corneal ulcers, cataracts, and dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). You might notice signs such as excessive tearing, redness, cloudiness, or pawing at the eyes. Prompt veterinary attention is key to preventing long-term damage and discomfort.

Allergies and Skin Sensitivities

Skin allergies are fairly common in the breed and can be triggered by environmental factors, food, or fleas. Itchy skin, chronic ear infections, and paw licking are frequent signs. Managing allergies may involve diet changes, medicated shampoos, or long-term allergy management strategies under your vet’s guidance.

Patellar Luxation

This orthopedic issue occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of place, which can lead to limping or skipping during movement. While mild cases might not require intervention, more severe luxations may need corrective surgery. Keeping your Boston at a healthy weight and avoiding high-impact activity can help minimise strain on the joints.

Deafness

Some Boston Terriers, particularly those with a lot of white in their coat, may be born with congenital deafness in one or both ears. Deaf dogs can still lead full and happy lives with a few training adjustments. If deafness is suspected, your vet may recommend a BAER test (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response) for diagnosis.

Flatulence and Digestive Upset

Bostons are known for having sensitive stomachs and a tendency toward flatulence, often linked to diet. Feeding high-quality, easily digestible food and avoiding table scraps can help minimise digestive upset. If symptoms persist, it may be worth investigating food intolerances or sensitivities with your vet.

Keeping your Boston Terrier active is vital for their physical health and mental well-being. Though small in size, Boston Terriers are lively and playful dogs that benefit from daily interaction, structured play, and regular exercise. A well-stimulated Boston is more content, better behaved, and less prone to boredom-related issues like chewing or excessive barking.

Daily Walks and Exploration

A daily walk is essential and should ideally last between 30 to 45 minutes, split into shorter outings if needed. Bostons enjoy exploring new scents and sights, so varying your walking route can help keep things interesting. Just be cautious during hot weather due to their brachycephalic anatomy, walks should be scheduled during cooler parts of the day.

Interactive Games and Fetch

Boston Terriers love interactive games, with fetch being a firm favourite. A lightweight ball or soft frisbee works well for their smaller mouths, and it provides a great outlet for their energy while reinforcing training cues like “drop it” or “stay.” Games like tug-of-war and hide-and-seek (with treats or toys) are also great for bonding and mental engagement.

Puzzle Toys and Enrichment

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical activity. Puzzle toys, snuffle mats, and treat-dispensing balls challenge their minds and help prevent boredom. Rotate toys regularly to keep them fresh and exciting. Teaching new tricks or commands is another excellent way to combine mental exercise with obedience training.

Playdates and Socialisation

Boston Terriers are typically sociable and enjoy the company of other dogs. Organised playdates or visits to a well-managed dog park can provide great opportunities for exercise and socialisation. Always supervise interactions to ensure play remains safe and friendly.

Indoor Activities

Rainy days don’t have to mean inactivity. Indoor games like “find the treat,” agility through household furniture, or training sessions using a clicker can keep your Boston engaged. Short bursts of play indoors can also help burn off excess energy, especially in young or energetic dogs.

Boston Terriers are generally well-mannered and affectionate companions, but like any breed, they can develop behavioural issues—especially if their social, physical, or mental needs aren’t fully met. Early training and consistent routines can help avoid or manage most of these problems.

Separation Anxiety

Boston Terriers form strong bonds with their owners and don’t like being left alone for long periods. This can lead to separation anxiety, which may present as barking, destructive chewing, or house soiling. Gradual desensitisation to alone time, interactive toys, and calming routines can help ease anxiety.

Excessive Barking

While not known to be overly vocal, some Boston Terriers may bark excessively if they’re bored, anxious, or under-stimulated. Identifying the trigger—whether it's strangers, noises, or being left alone—is key to addressing the issue. Training commands like “quiet” and ensuring daily mental and physical stimulation can make a big difference.

Stubbornness

Boston Terriers are smart but can be a bit headstrong. This stubborn streak may surface during training or when they’re feeling particularly independent. Keeping training sessions short, fun, and reward-based helps maintain their focus and cooperation.

Overexcitement

Their playful nature can sometimes tip into overexcitement, especially around new people or pets. Jumping, nipping, or racing around the house can result. Teaching calm greetings, rewarding relaxed behaviour, and practising impulse control exercises (like “wait” or “sit”) are useful tools.

Territorial Behaviour

While typically friendly, some Boston Terriers may show possessiveness over toys, food, or their favourite person. Early socialisation and consistent boundaries are important to prevent guarding behaviours from becoming problematic.

Feeding your Boston Terrier a balanced, high-quality diet is essential to support their energy levels, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of common breed-specific health concerns. From puppyhood to their senior years, understanding their unique nutritional needs ensures they thrive at every stage of life.

Puppy Nutrition

Boston Terrier puppies grow quickly in their first year and need a diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and essential nutrients to support healthy development. Choose a premium-quality puppy food formulated for small breeds, as these are designed with the right kibble size and nutrient balance for their smaller mouths and higher metabolism.

Puppies typically need to be fed three to four small meals a day. Be cautious not to overfeed, as excess weight during the growth phase can place unnecessary strain on developing joints and lead to long-term health issues.

Adult Dietary Needs

As adults, Boston Terriers do best on a well-balanced, small-breed adult dog food that supports their moderate activity level and maintains muscle tone without adding excess calories. Look for foods containing high-quality animal proteins, omega fatty acids for skin and coat health, and added vitamins and minerals.

Senior Nutrition

In their senior years (typically around 8 years and older), Boston Terriers may require a diet lower in calories but higher in joint-supporting ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin. Senior formulas are also often easier to digest and contain antioxidants to support aging immune systems. Regular weight monitoring and vet check-ups are important to adapt their diet as their needs change.

Special Considerations

Boston Terriers are known for having sensitive stomachs and can be prone to flatulence. Feeding a high-quality, easily digestible diet—free from unnecessary fillers or artificial additives—can help minimise gastrointestinal upset. Some dogs may benefit from grain-free or limited-ingredient diets if food sensitivities are suspected.

Hydration is also important, so always provide fresh water. Wet food can be included for variety or to increase moisture intake, but portion sizes should be adjusted to prevent overfeeding.

Portion Size

The average adult Boston Terrier (weighing 6 to 11 kg) typically requires between ½ to 1½ cups of dry dog food per day, split into two meals. The exact amount depends on your dog’s age, weight, activity level, and the calorie content of the food you’re feeding. Always refer to the feeding guide on the dog food packaging and adjust as needed with input from your veterinarian. Puppies may require slightly more frequent, smaller meals, while seniors may need fewer calories overall.

Bringing a Boston Terrier into your home is a long-term commitment, so it’s important to take the time to choose a healthy, well-bred puppy or consider adopting an adult dog through a reputable rescue. Ensuring your new companion comes from a responsible source sets the foundation for a healthy and happy life together.

Choosing a Reputable Breeder

If you're buying a puppy, always seek out a registered breeder with a strong reputation for ethical practices and responsible breeding. A good breeder will prioritise health and temperament, perform relevant health screenings (particularly for brachycephalic traits and genetic conditions), and be open about any known issues in their breeding lines. They should also raise puppies in a clean, well-socialised environment and be happy to answer your questions.

Avoid purchasing from pet stores or online sellers who can’t provide background on the dog’s health or breeding environment. Meeting the puppy’s parents, reviewing vet records, and seeing where the pups are raised can give you a clearer picture of what to expect.

Rescue and Adoption

Adoption is another wonderful option. Many Boston Terriers, including puppies and older dogs, are looking for loving homes through breed-specific rescues and animal shelters. These organisations often assess behaviour and health, and can help match you with a dog that fits your lifestyle.

Adopting a Boston Terrier can be especially rewarding, as you’re giving a second chance to a dog in need. Be sure to ask the rescue about the dog’s history, temperament, and any ongoing medical needs so you can be prepared from day one.

Questions to Ask

Before committing, ask yourself the following:

• Am I prepared for the health and grooming needs of a Boston Terrier?
• Can I provide daily exercise, training, and companionship?
• Am I ready for a long-term commitment of up to 15 years?

Taking the time to choose the right Boston Terrier ensures a smoother transition and a stronger bond between you and your new best friend.

Love the Boston Terrier’s affectionate personality, compact size, and velvety ears? Here are other breeds with similar charm, energy, and people-pleasing tendencies that might also steal your heart:

• French Bulldog – Compact, affectionate, and great for apartment living. Slightly calmer than Bostons.
• Pug – Playful and lovable with a similar clownish charm and brachycephalic needs.
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel – Gentle, sociable, and great with families. A fluffier alternative to Bostons.
• Miniature Bull Terrier – Muscular, quirky, and bold. Needs firm training and lots of interaction.
• Small Staffordshire Bull Terrier – Loyal, people-loving, and energetic. Ideal for active homes.

Boston Terriers are cheerful, intelligent, and affectionate companions who fit beautifully into a wide range of lifestyles. Their manageable size, low grooming needs, and engaging personalities make them ideal for both city living and family homes. With the right care, socialisation, and a commitment to meeting their health and emotional needs, Boston Terriers reward their owners with unwavering loyalty, endless laughter, and years of devoted companionship. Whether you adopt or buy from a reputable breeder, choosing a Boston Terrier means welcoming a lifelong friend into your heart and home.

This article was written by Dr. Jack Ayerbe