The Vet’s Guide to Greyhounds: Facts, Care, and Training Tips

Greyhounds are a unique and fascinating breed, with most being adopted from racing or rescue organisations rather than bred as pets. These graceful dogs, known for their speed, gentle demeanour, and loyal companionship, often transition from a life of competition to becoming beloved family members. 

"Having worked with Greyhounds for many years, I’ve seen firsthand how unique they are as a breed—especially since most are adopted rather than bred as pets. Understanding their past life is crucial for new owners, as it helps ensure a smooth transition into home life. A little knowledge about their history can go a long way in providing the best care and companionship for these incredible dogs."

- Dr Jack Ayerbe, Veterinarian & Greyhound Specialist

While their history as racing and hunting dogs might make them seem intimidating, Greyhounds are incredibly affectionate and often prefer lounging beside their owners to sprinting outdoors. Here’s everything you need to know about the origins, characteristics, and personality of these elegant “couch potatoes.”

Background and History: One of the oldest dog breeds, Greyhounds, have a history that dates back over 4,000 years, with references found in ancient Egyptian artwork and texts. Originally bred for hunting due to their keen eyesight and incredible speed, Greyhounds were valued by nobility and royalty in various cultures, from Egypt to medieval Europe. The breed was selectively developed to chase prey across open land, leading to their well-known reputation as sighthounds. While they are perhaps best known for their role in racing, today’s Greyhounds are cherished as gentle and calm family pets.

Appearance: Greyhounds have a distinctive, streamlined physique that’s perfectly suited to their history as hunting and racing dogs. Their bodies are long and narrow, with deep chests, slim waists, and long, slender legs that allow them to reach incredible speeds. They have a narrow head, a long snout, and large, soulful eyes that give them a kind, almost noble expression. Their short, fine coat can come in a wide range of colours, including black, fawn, brindle, blue, and combinations thereof.

Physical Characteristics: Greyhounds are among the most physically specialised of all dog breeds. They are built for sprinting rather than endurance, with long limbs, strong muscles, and a flexible spine that allows them to cover ground quickly and efficiently. They have a large heart and an expansive lung capacity, which aid in their rapid bursts of speed, reaching up to 45 miles per hour. Despite this athleticism, Greyhounds are naturally lean, with little body fat, and often need protection from extreme weather due to their short coat and lack of natural insulation.

Temperament: While their speed and athleticism might suggest otherwise, Greyhounds are known for being calm, gentle, and easygoing. They are often described as “45-mile-per-hour couch potatoes,” as they love to run in short bursts but are just as content spending hours lounging around the house. Affectionate and devoted to their families, Greyhounds are usually friendly with strangers and other dogs, though they may have a high prey drive around smaller animals.

Activity Level: Greyhounds are moderate-energy dogs with relatively low exercise needs for their size. Despite their background as racing dogs, they are sprinters by nature and don’t require extended periods of intense activity. Daily walks and the occasional opportunity to run in a safe, enclosed space are generally enough to keep them happy. Greyhounds are best suited to calm environments where they can relax and enjoy short but stimulating bursts of exercise.

Health: Like many purebred dogs, Greyhounds are prone to certain health issues that owners should be aware of. Their deep-chested build makes them susceptible to bloat, a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Greyhounds are also prone to arthritis and other joint problems, particularly retired racers who may have experienced physical stress from their athletic careers. Additionally, they are known for being sensitive to anesthesia due to their unique metabolism and low body fat, requiring special considerations during medical procedures.

Lifespan: Greyhounds generally have a lifespan of 10 to 14 years, with some individuals living even longer with proper care. By maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine veterinary check-ups, Greyhound owners can help ensure their pets live a healthy, comfortable life well into their senior years.

Greyhound grooming is simple yet essential, thanks to their short, sleek coats and generally low-maintenance needs. Despite their minimal grooming requirements, regular coat care and basic hygiene routines are important to keep Greyhounds looking and feeling their best. This includes coat maintenance, bathing, and special attention to their teeth, ears, and nails.

Grooming Requirements: Greyhounds have a short, smooth coat that sheds minimally, making them relatively easy to groom. A quick brushing once or twice a week with a soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt will help keep their coat shiny and remove loose hair. Since their coats are thin, they’re sensitive to cold weather, so you may need to outfit them with a coat or sweater in cooler months.

Bathing: Bathing a Greyhound is straightforward, as their short coats don’t hold onto dirt or odour easily. Bathing them every few months is usually sufficient, though they may need an occasional bath if they get particularly dirty. Use a gentle, dog-safe shampoo to avoid irritating their sensitive skin, and make sure to dry them thoroughly afterwards. Excessive bathing can strip their coat of natural oils, so it’s best to bathe them only as needed.

Dental Care: Greyhounds are prone to dental issues, so consistent dental hygiene is essential. Daily brushing is ideal, but even brushing a few times a week can help prevent plaque buildup and reduce the risk of gum disease. Dental chews and treats can complement brushing but shouldn’t replace it. Regular veterinary dental cleanings may also be recommended, especially as they age.

Clean Ears: Check your Greyhound’s ears weekly to ensure they’re clean and free from infection. Greyhounds tend to have relatively clean ears, but their thin skin can make them susceptible to irritation. Use a vet-approved ear cleaner and gently wipe out any dirt or wax buildup with a cotton ball. Avoid inserting anything deep into the ear canal, as this can cause damage.

Nail Trimming: Greyhounds’ nails grow quickly and should be trimmed every few weeks to keep them from becoming too long. Due to their active lifestyle and sensitive paws, long nails can easily split or break, causing discomfort. Use a dog-safe nail clipper or grinder to carefully trim the nails, or have your vet or groomer do it if you’re unsure. Regular trimming is especially important for Greyhounds who are often indoors, as they may not naturally wear down their nails through outdoor activities.

While Greyhounds are generally a healthy and hardy breed, they are predisposed to certain health issues that owners should be prepared to manage. Awareness of these potential health problems can help you provide preventative care and recognise signs of illness early.

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): One of the most serious health risks for Greyhounds is bloat, a life-threatening condition in which the stomach fills with gas and can twist, cutting off blood supply. This is more common in deep-chested breeds like Greyhounds. Symptoms include sudden swelling of the abdomen, excessive drooling, and signs of distress. Preventative measures, like feeding smaller, frequent meals and avoiding vigorous exercise immediately after eating, can help lower the risk of bloat.

Arthritis and Joint Issues: Greyhounds, particularly retired racers, are prone to arthritis and other joint-related issues. Years of physical exertion can cause early wear and tear on their joints, leading to discomfort as they age. Joint supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin can be beneficial, and low-impact exercise routines, like short walks or gentle play, can help maintain mobility without over-stressing their joints.

Heart Conditions: Greyhounds are at an increased risk for certain heart conditions, including heart murmurs and cardiomyopathy. Regular vet check-ups, including heart screenings, can help catch any developing issues early. Many retired racing Greyhounds may have unique cardiovascular traits due to their athletic backgrounds, so it’s helpful to work with a veterinarian familiar with the breed.

Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is another common issue in Greyhounds. It can lead to symptoms like lethargy, weight gain, and skin or coat problems. Routine blood tests can detect hypothyroidism, and the condition is usually manageable with daily medication. Recognising signs early and following your vet’s treatment plan can help keep your Greyhound’s metabolism balanced and energy levels steady.

Anesthesia Sensitivity: Greyhounds have a unique metabolism and low body fat, making them especially sensitive to certain drugs, including anesthesia. If your Greyhound requires surgery or dental work, it’s crucial to inform your veterinarian about this sensitivity so they can use a breed-appropriate anesthesia protocol. This precaution helps prevent complications and ensures a safe recovery.

Dental Disease: Dental disease is quite common in Greyhounds, partly due to their long snouts and thin gums. Left untreated, dental disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and even systemic infections. Regular brushing, dental treats, and professional cleanings are all essential to maintaining oral health and preventing serious complications.

Training a Greyhound can be a rewarding experience, as they are intelligent and capable learners. However, it’s important to remember that Greyhounds are naturally sensitive and respond best to gentle, positive reinforcement rather than harsh correction. Building a strong bond based on trust is essential to successful training with this breed. Greyhounds can sometimes be independent and may take a bit longer to learn commands, so patience and consistency are key.

Start with Basic Commands: Begin training with basic commands like “sit,” “stay,” and “come.” Greyhounds often respond well to these, especially when learning in a quiet, distraction-free environment. Short, frequent training sessions are typically more effective than longer, intensive sessions, as Greyhounds can become bored or distracted. Practising commands for just five to ten minutes a day can yield great results.

Use Treats and Incentives: Greyhounds respond exceptionally well to treats and positive incentives, as they’re naturally food-motivated. Small, tasty treats can encourage focus and create positive associations with commands. Use treats strategically by rewarding the desired behaviour immediately, helping your Greyhound understand what you’re asking for. For Greyhounds, soft and easy-to-chew treats work well, as they tend to prefer treats they can quickly eat. In addition to treats, verbal praise and petting can reinforce good behaviour without overstimulating them.

Leash Training and Recall: Leash training is crucial for Greyhounds, as they can be prone to sudden bursts of energy and may try to chase small animals. Start with a short leash and gradually introduce longer walks as they become more comfortable. Teaching recall (coming when called) is also essential, as Greyhounds’ high prey drive can make them difficult to manage off-leash. Practising recall with treats in a secure, fenced area is ideal, rewarding them generously whenever they come back to you.

Socialisation: Socialising your Greyhound early is important, especially if they’re a retired racer who may not have experienced typical household environments. Introduce them gradually to other dogs, various environments, and people, using treats and praise to reward calm, positive behaviour. This will help them adapt confidently to their new surroundings and reduce anxiety in unfamiliar situations.

With a consistent, reward-based approach, Greyhounds can learn quickly and become well-mannered companions. Building confidence and maintaining a calm, patient demeanour will help your Greyhound feel secure and eager to learn.

Keeping your Greyhound active and engaged is essential for their physical health and mental well-being. While Greyhounds don’t require hours of exercise each day, they do enjoy short bursts of activity and interactive play to satisfy their natural instincts. Here are a few great activities to help keep your Greyhound happy and healthy.

Fetch and Chasing Games: Greyhounds may love a quick game of fetch, especially if it involves short sprints. They’re natural chasers, so a soft ball or a safe fetch toy can bring out their playful side. Be sure to play fetch in a secure, enclosed area, as Greyhounds may be tempted to chase after anything that catches their eye. Keeping sessions short is often best, as they are sprinters and can tire out quickly.

Interactive Toys and Puzzles: Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise for Greyhounds. Puzzle toys that release treats are excellent options to keep their minds engaged. Look for toys that encourage problem-solving, like treat-dispensing balls or interactive puzzles. Scent games, where you hide treats around the house or yard, can also engage their senses and provide mental enrichment.

Walks and Short Runs: Greyhounds enjoy daily walks and benefit from a mix of shorter, relaxed strolls and occasional brisker walks or short runs. A few 20-30 minute walks per day, combined with one or two days of faster activity, generally suits their needs. However, avoid overly intense exercise or long-distance running, as their bodies are better suited to sprints than endurance activities.

Agility Training: While Greyhounds aren’t always known for agility, some enjoy agility courses that involve short bursts of speed and obstacle navigation. Gentle agility courses with jumps, tunnels, and weaving poles can provide a new way for them to stay active and mentally stimulated. Be mindful of their joint health, especially for older Greyhounds, and avoid high-impact activities.

Snuggle Time and Quiet Activities: Finally, don’t overlook a Greyhound’s love for rest and relaxation. Greyhounds enjoy lounging and spending time with their families just as much as they enjoy activity. Quality time on the couch or cozying up in a dog bed after an active play session can help them feel secure and satisfied.

These activities can help keep your Greyhound in great shape, both mentally and physically, allowing them to stay engaged and enjoy a balanced, happy lifestyle.

While Greyhounds are generally calm, gentle dogs, they can experience some behavioural issues that owners should be prepared to address. Many of these issues stem from their unique background as former racing or hunting dogs, and understanding these tendencies can help owners manage them effectively. Below are some common behavioural issues that can arise in Greyhounds and tips on how to address them.

Separation Anxiety: Greyhounds are very loyal and tend to form strong bonds with their families, which can sometimes lead to separation anxiety. This issue is especially common in retired racers, who may struggle with the transition from the track to a home environment. Signs of separation anxiety in Greyhounds can include barking, whining, pacing, and even destructive behaviour when left alone. To reduce separation anxiety, try leaving your Greyhound alone for short periods, gradually increasing the time spent apart. Interactive toys, treat-dispensing puzzles, or calming supplements recommended by your vet can also help ease anxiety.

High Prey Drive: Greyhounds have a natural prey drive due to their background as sighthounds bred to chase small animals. This strong instinct may cause them to try to chase smaller pets, wildlife, or even moving objects. To manage this behaviour, always keep your Greyhound on a leash or in a fenced area when outdoors. Consistent leash training and recall practice in secure spaces can help reinforce safe behaviour around distractions. Be cautious when introducing a Greyhound to small pets, and supervise their interactions until you’re confident in their behaviour.

Resource Guarding: Some Greyhounds may show signs of resource guarding, particularly around food or toys. This behaviour can stem from their experiences as racing dogs, where resources like food and toys may have been limited. Signs of resource guarding include growling, snapping, or stiffening when someone approaches their food or possessions. Address this behaviour by training your Greyhound to understand that humans and other pets aren’t threats. Use positive reinforcement techniques, such as rewarding calm behaviour when others are near their food or toys, to create a safe, relaxed environment around resources.

Adjustment Period for Retired Racers: If you’re adopting a retired racing Greyhound, be aware that they may need time to adjust to a home environment. They might be unfamiliar with things like stairs, household noises, and being around multiple people at once. This adjustment period can sometimes result in behaviours like nervousness, clinginess, or excessive sleep. Allow your Greyhound to explore at their own pace, providing plenty of reassurance and quiet spaces where they can retreat. Patience, a calm atmosphere, and positive reinforcement will help them gain confidence and feel secure in their new environment.

Greyhounds have unique nutritional needs due to their lean bodies, high metabolism, and active lifestyles. A balanced diet that supports their muscle tone, joint health, and overall well-being is essential for maintaining their health. Below is a guide to meeting the specific nutritional needs of Greyhounds, including tips for puppies and adult dogs.

General Nutritional Needs: Greyhounds benefit from a diet that is high in lean protein and moderate in healthy fats, with a focus on maintaining a lean physique. Look for high-quality dog foods with meat as the primary ingredient, avoiding excessive fillers like corn and soy, which can be harder for them to digest. Greyhounds also require essential fatty acids, such as omega-3s and omega-6s, to support coat health and reduce inflammation, which is especially important for joint care. Consider supplements like fish oil or glucosamine if recommended by your veterinarian to maintain joint flexibility and support heart health.

Since Greyhounds are prone to bloat, it's best to feed them smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day rather than one or two large meals. Avoid intense exercise immediately before or after eating to minimise the risk of digestive issues.

Puppy Nutrition Needs: Greyhound puppies grow rapidly and need a diet that supports healthy development without promoting overly rapid growth, which can lead to joint problems. A high-quality puppy formula designed for large-breed dogs will provide the right balance of protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals to support their growth. Make sure to follow portion guidelines to prevent excessive weight gain, which can strain developing joints. Frequent, smaller meals throughout the day can help them digest their food more easily and maintain steady energy levels.

Greyhound puppies can be sensitive to changes in their diet, so if you need to switch foods, introduce new options gradually to avoid digestive upset. Puppies may also benefit from chew toys or teething treats to help ease discomfort as their adult teeth come in.

Specific Nutritional Needs for Adults: Adult Greyhounds need a balanced diet that maintains their lean muscle mass without adding excess fat. Many Greyhounds thrive on a diet rich in animal proteins, moderate fats, and a small amount of digestible carbohydrates. Their sensitive stomachs often do better with limited-ingredient diets or grain-free options, but always consult with your vet before making any dietary changes.

Joint health is especially important for adult Greyhounds, so consider incorporating joint-friendly foods like fish, flaxseed, and supplements that contain glucosamine and chondroitin. Omega-3 fatty acids from sources like salmon oil can also support heart health, reduce inflammation, and keep their coats sleek and shiny.

Senior Greyhound Nutrition: As Greyhounds age, their nutritional needs may shift to support joint health, digestion, and weight management. Older Greyhounds may benefit from diets lower in calories to prevent weight gain, along with added fiber for easier digestion. Consult with your vet about adjusting their diet to include senior formulas that are rich in antioxidants, joint-supporting nutrients, and lower fat content to reduce the strain on aging joints.

A well-balanced diet tailored to your Greyhound’s life stage and activity level will help them stay healthy, happy, and energetic throughout their lives. Consistent feeding routines and quality food choices will ensure your Greyhound receives the nutrition they need to thrive at every age.

Greyhounds are truly remarkable dogs—gentle, affectionate, and surprisingly low-maintenance despite their athletic past. Whether they’ve come from a racing background or another environment, these dogs thrive in a loving home with the right care, training, and understanding. By adopting a Greyhound, you’re not just gaining a pet—you’re giving a deserving dog a second chance at a life filled with love and companionship.

This article was written by Dr. Jack Ayerbe