Background

Norwegian Forest Cats have a long history steeped in myth and folklore. They are believed to have accompanied Viking explorers on their journeys, keeping ships clear of vermin, and later thriving in the dense, cold forests of Norway. Recognised in Norse mythology as the skogkatt, a mysterious “fairy cat,” these felines were bred naturally for resilience, evolving with dense, water-repellent coats and strong builds that allowed them to endure Norway's harsh winters. The breed gained formal recognition in the 1970s, and since then, their popularity has spread worldwide.

Appearance

Norwegian Forest Cats are large and muscular, with a distinctive appearance that sets them apart from other cat breeds. They have a triangular-shaped head, expressive almond-shaped eyes that come in a range of colours, and tufted ears that resemble those of a lynx. Their bushy tails, which can be as long as their body, help them maintain balance and warmth in cold weather. This breed also has a unique “mane” of longer fur around the neck, giving them a regal, lion-like appearance.

Physical Characteristics

One of the key physical traits of Norwegian Forest Cats is their double-layered coat. The outer layer is water-resistant and longer, while the undercoat is dense and woolly, providing insulation. They are larger than most domestic cats, with males typically weighing between 5.8 to 9 kilograms and females a bit smaller, weighing around 4 to 6.4 kilograms. This size, combined with their agile and powerful build, makes them excellent climbers.

Temperament

Wegies are known for their gentle and affectionate disposition. They are often described as “gentle giants” because of their calm and friendly nature. These cats bond deeply with their families but are not overly demanding of attention, making them an ideal choice for owners who appreciate a balanced companion. They enjoy the company of humans, other cats, and even dogs, and they are known for being both playful and affectionate. Norwegian Forest Cats also have an independent streak and enjoy exploring and observing their surroundings.

Activity Level

While Norwegian Forest Cats are generally laid-back, they also have bursts of high energy and a love for climbing. Their background as forest-dwelling hunters means they retain strong instincts to climb, pounce, and explore. Providing them with climbing trees or perches will help satisfy their desire to be up high. They enjoy interactive play but are equally happy to relax and watch the world go by, making them adaptable to a range of lifestyles.

Health

Norwegian Forest Cats are generally healthy but can be prone to a few genetic conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a type of heart disease, is a known risk, as is glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV), a metabolic disorder that affects energy storage and use in muscles. While rare, these conditions can be screened for through genetic testing, which is recommended for responsible breeders. Regular veterinary check-ups and preventive care can help detect any early health concerns.

How long does a Norwegian Forest Cat live for?

With proper care, Norwegian Forest Cats have a lifespan of approximately 12 to 16 years, with many reaching the upper end of this range. Their longevity and generally robust health make them a beloved companion that can bring joy to a household for many years.

Grooming Norwegian Forest Cats is essential to maintaining their coat and skin health, given their dense, double-layered fur. Regular grooming prevents matting and helps to remove dead hair, reducing shedding around the home. Skin care is also an important part of their routine, as their thick fur can trap dirt and oils. Proper grooming not only keeps your cat looking beautiful but also contributes to their overall health and comfort.

Grooming Requirements

Norwegian Forest Cats have a luxurious double coat that requires regular upkeep to avoid tangles and mats, especially during seasonal shedding. Weekly brushing is recommended for most of the year, but during spring and fall shedding seasons, brushing several times a week or even daily may be necessary. A metal comb or a slicker brush works well for reaching through their dense coat to remove dead fur, reducing matting and promoting healthier skin. Grooming sessions also provide bonding time and allow you to check for any lumps, bumps, or signs of skin irritation.

Bathing

While Norwegian Forest Cats have coats that are somewhat water-resistant, they generally don’t require frequent baths. A bath every few months or as needed should suffice, especially if they manage to get unusually dirty. Use a gentle, cat-specific shampoo that supports their natural coat oils and doesn’t strip moisture from their fur or skin. When introducing your cat to bath time, make the experience as positive as possible by using warm water, speaking in calm tones, and offering treats afterwards.

Skin Care

Though not prone to common skin problems, Norwegian Forest Cats can sometimes develop dry or flaky skin if grooming is inconsistent or if they are bathed too often with harsh shampoos. Regular grooming and a high-quality diet will help keep their skin moisturised and healthy. If you notice persistent dryness, itchiness, or flakes, consult your veterinarian, as this could be a sign of an allergy or nutritional deficiency. Omega-3 supplements, if approved by a vet, can also help maintain skin health and add lustre to their coat.

Dental Care

Dental health is an often overlooked but important part of Norwegian Forest Cat care. These cats can be prone to dental diseases like gingivitis and periodontal disease, especially as they age. To help prevent plaque buildup and decay, aim to brush your cat’s teeth weekly with a cat-safe toothbrush and toothpaste. Cat dental treats and toys designed to reduce plaque can also supplement your cat’s oral care, but they are not a replacement for brushing. Regular dental check-ups with your veterinarian are highly recommended.

Clean Ears

Norwegian Forest Cats typically have clean ears, but occasional checking and maintenance are necessary to prevent buildup. Examine their ears every couple of weeks, looking for signs of excess wax, redness, or any unusual odour, which can indicate an infection. If their ears appear dirty, gently clean them with a vet-approved ear-cleaning solution and cotton ball, avoiding the use of cotton swabs, which can damage the ear canal.

Nail Trimming

To keep your Norwegian Forest Cat comfortable and protect your furniture, nail trimming should be part of your regular grooming routine. Trim their nails every two to four weeks, or as needed, to prevent overgrowth and splitting. Use cat-specific nail clippers, and be cautious not to cut too close to the quick, which can be painful. Starting nail trims at a young age can help them become more accustomed to the process.

Norwegian Forest Cats are generally robust and healthy, but like all breeds, they are susceptible to specific genetic and health-related conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups can help to catch any issues early, and knowing the signs of common illnesses will aid in timely intervention.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart condition affecting Norwegian Forest Cats. HCM occurs when the walls of the heart thicken, decreasing its efficiency and potentially leading to heart failure. Symptoms can include lethargy, difficulty breathing, and loss of appetite. Routine veterinary heart screenings, especially for older cats, are crucial for early detection. Although there is no cure for HCM, medication can help manage the condition and improve quality of life.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV (GSD IV)

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) is a rare genetic condition in Norwegian Forest Cats, affecting their metabolism and how they store energy. Kittens born with this disease often fail to thrive and typically don’t survive past a young age. GSD IV is detectable through genetic testing, which responsible breeders should perform to avoid producing affected kittens. Though rare, awareness of this disease is essential for any potential Norwegian Forest Cat owner.

Hip Dysplasia

Due to their larger size, Norwegian Forest Cats can be prone to hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit into the hip socket properly. This misalignment can cause discomfort, difficulty moving, and arthritis over time. While more common in large dog breeds, hip dysplasia in cats can still cause issues. Symptoms include limping, a reluctance to jump, or sensitivity when the hip area is touched. Pain management and, in severe cases, surgery can help to alleviate symptoms and improve mobility.

Dental Disease

As Norwegian Forest Cats age, they may be more susceptible to dental problems, including gingivitis and periodontal disease. Dental disease can lead to pain, difficulty eating, and infection. Preventive care, including regular teeth brushing and dental check-ups, helps reduce the risk of serious dental issues. Early signs of dental disease include bad breath, drooling, and inflamed gums. If left untreated, dental issues can impact your cat’s overall health.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic condition occasionally seen in Norwegian Forest Cats. PKD causes fluid-filled cysts to develop in the kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. Symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss. While there is no cure for PKD, regular check-ups and a special diet can help manage the symptoms and slow the disease’s progression.

Norwegian Forest Cats are intelligent and curious, making them receptive to training when approached with patience and consistency. While cats are often seen as independent, Norwegian Forest Cats can be trained to respond to commands, follow routines, and even perform tricks. They are food-motivated, which makes treat-based training especially effective. Start training sessions in a quiet environment where they feel safe, as this will help them stay focused and engaged.

Positive Reinforcement and Treats

Positive reinforcement is one of the most effective methods for training Norwegian Forest Cats. Begin with simple commands, such as “come” or “sit,” and reward them immediately with a small treat or praise when they respond correctly. These cats are highly responsive to rewards, so offering small treats or a favourite toy after they complete a task encourages them to repeat the behaviour. Be sure to use treats in moderation, as overfeeding can lead to weight issues.

Clicker Training

Clicker training is another excellent way to train Norwegian Forest Cats. This technique uses a small device that makes a clicking sound to mark the desired behaviour, followed by a treat or other reward. Cats quickly learn to associate the sound with positive outcomes. Start by clicking and treating when your cat makes eye contact or responds to their name, then gradually build up to more complex commands. Norwegian Forest Cats, being naturally curious, often take well to clicker training and may even learn tricks like “high five” or “fetch” with time and patience.

Consistency and Patience

Cats respond best to short, consistent training sessions. Five to ten minutes of training per session is usually sufficient, as longer sessions can lead to boredom. Norwegian Forest Cats enjoy mental challenges and will often show interest in learning if training is a regular, fun part of their routine. End each session on a positive note by rewarding them, even if they didn’t quite master the command. This helps them associate training with positive experiences, which builds trust and strengthens your bond.

Keeping your Norwegian Forest Cat active is essential to maintaining their physical and mental well-being. This breed’s natural athleticism and intelligence mean they thrive with regular exercise and engaging activities. Providing a range of stimulating activities and toys can help prevent boredom and destructive behaviours, ensuring your cat remains happy and healthy.

Interactive Play

Norwegian Forest Cats love interactive playtime, especially when it involves their owners. Playing fetch can be a surprisingly fun game for this breed, as many Norwegian Forest Cats are intrigued by the idea of chasing and returning a small toy. Start by tossing a small toy or soft ball and encouraging them to bring it back; with practice, many cats pick up on the game and enjoy the challenge.

Puzzle Toys

Puzzle toys are a fantastic way to keep your Norwegian Forest mentally stimulated. These toys often have hidden treats or small compartments that your cat must figure out how to open. Puzzle feeders can also slow down fast eaters and provide a fun challenge. For Norwegian Forest Cats, puzzle toys satisfy their curiosity and natural hunting instincts, keeping them engaged for longer periods.

Scratching Posts and Climbing Trees

Norwegian Forest Cats are natural climbers, so providing tall scratching posts or cat trees is ideal for them. Cat trees with multiple levels and perches allow them to explore vertically, which satisfies their instinct to climb and keeps them active indoors. Scratching posts also help them maintain their claws and mark their territory, reducing the likelihood of them scratching furniture.

Laser Pointers and Feather Wands

Laser pointers and feather wands can be wonderful tools for encouraging your Norwegian Forest to exercise. They love to chase, and these toys provide an excellent outlet for this behaviour. Be sure to give them a tangible toy to “catch” at the end of each play session, as this helps satisfy their hunting instincts and prevents frustration from chasing an uncatchable light.

Outdoor Exploration

If you have a safe outdoor space or can train your cat to walk on a leash, Norwegian Forest Cats often enjoy spending time outside. With proper training, leash walking can offer them a safe way to explore their surroundings. Ensure the outdoor area is free from hazards, or consider building a “catio” (a secure outdoor enclosure) where your cat can enjoy the outdoors without risk.

Norwegian Forest Cats are generally well-mannered, friendly, and adaptable, but they can exhibit certain behavioural quirks. Understanding these potential behaviours helps you manage and even prevent issues, ensuring a happy and harmonious relationship. While each cat has a unique personality, there are a few behavioural tendencies common among Norwegian Forest Cats.

Scratching and Clawing

Norwegian Forest Cats are natural scratchers due to their instincts for marking territory and keeping their claws healthy. Without appropriate outlets, such as scratching posts, they may resort to scratching furniture or carpets. Providing sturdy scratching posts or boards in accessible areas can redirect this behaviour effectively. Encourage your cat to use these surfaces by placing them in high-traffic areas or near their favourite spots, and use catnip as an added enticement if needed.

Vocalisation

While Norwegian Forest Cats are not the most vocal breed, they may use soft meows, chirps, or trills to communicate their needs. If you notice excessive vocalisation, it could indicate boredom, hunger, or even a health issue. Ensure they have adequate mental stimulation through play and interactive toys, and keep to a regular feeding schedule to help reduce meowing due to hunger. If the vocalisation persists or seems distressful, consult your vet, as it may indicate discomfort or a medical concern.

Territorial Behaviour

Though generally sociable, Norwegian Forest Cats can be somewhat territorial, especially if they feel their space is threatened by other pets or unfamiliar animals. Slow introductions are key when bringing a new pet into the home. Gradually increase their exposure to the newcomer, using positive reinforcement like treats and praise to reduce territorial aggression. Providing multiple perches and hiding spots around your home can also help your Norwegian Forest feel secure, reducing the likelihood of conflict.

High Energy and Play Aggression

Norwegian Forest Cats are energetic and intelligent, with a strong play drive that can sometimes lead to playful aggression, such as swatting or pouncing. Regular interactive play sessions using toys that allow them to chase and “hunt” can help channel this energy in a healthy way. Avoid using your hands or fingers as toys, as this can encourage biting. If your cat becomes overly excited during play, pause and let them calm down before resuming.

Proper nutrition is essential to support the Norwegian Forest Cat’s active lifestyle, thick coat, and overall health. These large, muscular cats require a balanced diet rich in high-quality proteins, fats, and essential nutrients. Tailoring their diet to their age, activity level, and any special health considerations will ensure they thrive.

Basic Nutritional Needs

Norwegian Forest Cats benefit from a diet that is high in protein, as they are obligate carnivores. Look for high-quality cat foods where meat is the primary ingredient. Protein sources like chicken, turkey, and fish provide essential amino acids that support muscle development, coat health, and energy. Healthy fats, such as Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, are also important for this breed, helping to maintain their dense coat and skin health. Avoid cat foods with fillers, like corn or wheat, which provide little nutritional value and can lead to digestive issues.

Hydration

Norwegian Forest Cats, like many cats, can be prone to dehydration, as they often don’t drink enough water on their own. Including wet food in their diet can help boost their water intake and support kidney health. Additionally, providing fresh water in multiple accessible locations can encourage them to stay hydrated.

Kitten Nutritional Needs

Norwegian Forest Cat kittens grow rapidly and require a diet specifically formulated for kittens to support their development. Kitten food is typically higher in protein, fats, and certain vitamins and minerals essential for bone and muscle growth. During the first year, feed your kitten high-quality wet or dry food labelled for kittens, and consider multiple small meals throughout the day to meet their energy demands. Be cautious about free-feeding, as it can lead to overeating, which may increase the risk of obesity as they age.

Special Nutritional Considerations for Adults and Seniors

As Norwegian Forest Cats mature, their nutritional needs change. Adult cats need a diet lower in fats than kittens to help maintain a healthy weight, as their activity levels may decrease slightly with age. Some adult Norwegian Forest Cats can benefit from diets that support joint health, as they are a larger breed and can be prone to joint issues. Look for foods that include glucosamine and chondroitin, or consult your vet about adding joint supplements if necessary.

For senior Norwegian Forest Cats, maintaining a balanced diet with easily digestible proteins and added fibre can be beneficial. As cats age, they may experience changes in their digestion and metabolism, so foods specifically formulated for senior cats can support their health. Wet food may be preferable for seniors, as it is easier to chew and increases their hydration, which is important for kidney and urinary tract health.

Whether you're already sharing your life with a Norwegian Forest Cat or considering bringing one home, we hope this guide has offered valuable insights into their care. From grooming and health to training and nutrition, understanding their unique needs ensures a happy, healthy bond with your regal, playful companion. Stay engaged with other Norwegian Forest Cat enthusiasts, keep expanding your knowledge, and treasure every adventure with your feline friend for a rewarding life together.

This article was written by Dr Jack Ayerbe