The Vet’s Guide to Dachshunds: Facts, Care, and Training Tips

Dachshunds, affectionately known as "Doxies" or "sausage dogs," are a breed that captures hearts with their unique appearance and spirited personality. 

The Dachshund's story begins in Germany hundreds of years ago, where they were meticulously bred for hunting. Their name literally translates to "badger dog" in German, a nod to their original purpose of burrowing into dens to hunt badgers. This heritage is reflected in their elongated bodies and keen sense of smell. Over the years, Dachshunds have transitioned from determined hunters to beloved family pets, yet they retain the bravery and tenacity of their ancestors.

Appearance: Dachshunds come in two sizes, standard and miniature, and exhibit a variety of coat types, including smooth, long-haired, and wire-haired. Their most notable feature is their elongated body, resting on short, sturdy legs, which gives them their distinctive silhouette. Dachshunds carry a confident and proud head carriage, with expressive eyes and long ears that frame their face. Their coat colours and patterns can range widely, with hues such as red, cream, black, and tan and patterns including dapple, brindle, and piebald.

Temperament: Dachshunds are known for their lively and curious nature. They are courageous to a fault, often unaware of their small stature. This breed is fiercely loyal to their families, making them excellent companions, albeit sometimes wary of strangers. Their intelligence and independent streak can pose a challenge in training, but with consistency and positive reinforcement, Dachshunds can learn a wide array of commands and tricks.

Activity Level: Despite their small size, Dachshunds possess a surprising amount of energy and endurance. They enjoy regular walks and playtime, with a keen interest in games that stimulate their hunting instincts, such as fetch and scent tracking. However, their unique physique requires some caution during exercise to avoid injury, particularly to their backs.

Health: Dachshunds are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they're prone to specific health conditions. Their distinctive spinal structure makes them susceptible to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), which requires owners to be vigilant about their physical activities and weight management. Other potential health concerns include dental issues, obesity, and patellar luxation. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian and a proactive approach to health care can help ensure a Dachshund leads a long, healthy life.

Lifespan: With proper care, Dachshunds can enjoy a lengthy lifespan, typically ranging from 12 to 16 years. This extended lifespan is a testament to their robust nature and the joy they bring to their families over many years.

Grooming a Dachshund is not just about keeping them looking their best; it's a crucial aspect of their overall health and wellbeing. The grooming process encompasses coat care, dental hygiene, nail trimming, and ear cleaning, tailored to meet the unique needs of this distinctive breed. Whether your Dachshund sports a sleek, smooth coat, a flowing, long-haired coat, or the rustic wire-haired variety, understanding their grooming requirements is essential for every Dachshund owner.

Coat Types & Shedding Patterns: Dachshunds come in three distinct coat types: smooth, long-haired, and wire-haired, each with its own specific shedding pattern and grooming needs. Smooth-coated Dachshunds have a sleek, short fur that sheds minimally, requiring less frequent grooming. Long-haired Dachshunds, with their elegant, flowing coats, tend to shed more and need regular brushing to prevent tangles and mats. Wire-haired Dachshunds have a coarse, thick coat with a softer undercoat, which can lead to moderate shedding, particularly during seasonal changes. Regular grooming can help manage shedding and keep your Dachshund's coat healthy and vibrant.

Grooming Requirements: The grooming routine for a Dachshund varies with their coat type. Smooth-coated Dachshunds benefit from weekly brushing with a soft bristle brush to remove loose fur and distribute skin oils. Long-haired varieties require more frequent brushing, ideally several times a week, with a pin brush or metal comb to prevent matting. Wire-haired Dachshunds need regular brushing with a slicker brush and occasional hand-stripping or professional grooming to maintain their coat's texture. Bathing should be done as needed, but not so frequently as to dry out their skin.

Dental Care: Dental care is an integral part of grooming for Dachshunds. Regular brushing of their teeth, at least two to three times a week, can prevent tartar buildup, gum disease, and other dental issues. Using canine-specific toothpaste and brushes, along with providing dental chews, can help maintain your Dachshund's oral health and freshen their breath.

Extra Care Tips: In addition to coat and dental care, Dachshunds require other grooming tasks for optimal health. Nail trimming should be done monthly to prevent discomfort and mobility issues. Ears should be checked weekly for dirt, redness, or a bad odour that could indicate an infection, especially in long-haired varieties where air circulation is reduced. Keeping your Dachshund clean, groomed, and well-maintained not only enhances their appearance but also contributes significantly to their overall health and happiness.

Dachshunds are a robust and lively breed, but they are predisposed to certain health conditions that owners should be aware of. Recognising the signs and understanding the common health issues can help in early detection and treatment, contributing to a better quality of life for your Dachshund.

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): One of the most significant health concerns for Dachshunds is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Due to their long spine and short rib cage, Dachshunds are more prone to disc herniation, which can lead to pain, nerve damage, and, in severe cases, paralysis. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding activities that strain the back, and using harnesses instead of neck collars to reduce neck and spine stress.

Obesity: Dachshunds have a hearty appetite and can easily become overweight if their diet and exercise are not properly managed. Obesity can exacerbate back problems and contribute to other health issues like diabetes and joint problems. A balanced diet tailored to their size, age, and activity level, coupled with regular exercise, can keep a Dachshund fit and healthy.

Dental Problems: Dental issues are common in Dachshunds, partly due to their small mouths, which can lead to overcrowding of teeth and an increased risk of periodontal disease. Regular dental care, including brushing and professional cleanings, can help prevent dental problems and their associated health risks.

Patellar Luxation: Patellar luxation, a condition where the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal position, is another health concern in Dachshunds. This can cause lameness or an abnormal gait. Depending on the severity, treatment options range from physical therapy to surgery.

Training a Dachshund can be a rewarding experience that strengthens your bond and enhances their well-being. Given their intelligent yet stubborn nature, Dachshunds require a patient and consistent approach to training. Positive reinforcement techniques, such as using treats and praise, are highly effective in motivating them.

Positive Reinforcement: The key to successful Dachshund training lies in positive reinforcement. Rewarding desired behaviours with treats, praise, or playtime encourages them to repeat those actions. Dachshunds respond well to this method, as it plays to their love of food and attention. Keep training sessions short and engaging to maintain their focus.

Dachshunds may exhibit certain behavioural issues, which can stem from their hunting heritage, boredom, or lack of proper training. Understanding and addressing these issues early on is crucial for a harmonious living environment.

Barking: Dachshunds have a strong instinct to alert their owners about potential threats, leading to excessive barking. Training them to understand when to bark and when to be quiet, using commands like "quiet," can help manage this behaviour. Positive reinforcement when they obey will encourage them to follow your lead.

Separation Anxiety: Due to their strong attachment to their owners, Dachshunds can suffer from separation anxiety, leading to destructive behaviour when left alone. Gradually increasing the time spent away and providing engaging toys can help alleviate anxiety. Crate training from a young age can also provide a safe and secure environment for them when you're not around.

Despite their small size, Dachshunds have significant energy levels and require regular exercise to stay healthy and happy.

Playtime Favourites: Dachshunds love games that involve chasing and fetching, which tap into their hunting instincts. Toys that mimic prey, such as small, squeaky animals, can provide hours of entertainment. Interactive games that challenge their mind are also beneficial for this intelligent breed.

Enrichment: Mental enrichment is as important as physical exercise for Dachshunds. Puzzle toys that dispense treats, scent trails for them to follow, and hide-and-seek games can keep their minds active and reduce boredom-related behavioural issues.

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the health and well-being of Dachshunds. Their diet needs to be carefully managed to prevent obesity, which can exacerbate back issues and lead to other health problems.

Puppy Needs: Dachshund puppies have different nutritional requirements than adult dogs. A diet rich in high-quality protein supports their rapid growth and development. Small, frequent meals help maintain their energy levels throughout the day.

Adult and Senior Nutrition: As Dachshunds mature, their dietary needs change. Adult Dachshunds require a well-balanced diet that maintains their ideal weight and supports overall health. Senior Dachshunds may need diets with fewer calories and more joint-supporting nutrients to address age-related concerns.

Breed-Specific Needs: While the basic nutritional requirements are similar for all Dachshunds, individual needs can vary based on size, activity level, and health conditions. Standard Dachshunds might need more calories due to their larger size, while miniatures require less to prevent weight gain. Always consult with a veterinarian to tailor a diet plan that suits your Dachshund's specific needs.

The Dachshund is a breed full of character and charm, with unique needs that stem from their distinctive physique and spirited personality. Proper grooming, tailored training, mindful exercise, and a balanced diet are crucial for their well-being. Understanding and addressing their health concerns and behavioural tendencies can lead to a harmonious life together. With the right care and attention, your Dachshund can thrive as a beloved and joyful companion for many years.

This article was written by Dr Jack Ayerbe